![]() ![]() Currently, the most important prognostic factors are nodal status, tumor size, hormone receptor (HR) status, and histological grade, although numerous other clinicopathological factors and novel molecular markers have been investigated to improve the prediction of clinical outcome. Since histopathologic characteristics and expression of biological markers varies among the same histologic subtypes of breast carcinoma, specific clinical and histopathologic features of the primary tumor and ALN status like sentinel node might be used to tailor the loco-regional and systemic treatment in different clinical settings.Īlthough breast cancer represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality, early detection and the use of aggressive multimodal treatment have successfully resulted in a decrease in the mortality due to this disease. ConclusionsĪlthough the value of complete ALND has been questioned in invasive breast cancer patients, treatment decisions for breast carcinoma have been influenced by many parameters, including lymph node status. On univariate analysis, multicentric disease, large tumor size (>2 cm), vascular and lymphatic invasion, epithelial hyperplasia, necrosis, in situ carcinoma and perineural invasion were associated with higher risk for ALNM, whereas CK5, CK14, EGFR positivity and basal-like tumor type were associated with lower risk. ResultsĪLNM was found in 55% (n = 116) of the patients. The basal phenotype status was ascertained using the basal cytokeratin markers CK5, CK14, CK17 and EGFR. Pathological and immunohistochemical data including individual receptor/gene status was collected for analysis. Methodsīreast carcinoma patients (n = 210) who underwent breast conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (level I and II) or modified radical mastectomy were included in this study. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with ALNM in breast carcinoma, with particular emphasis on basal-like phenotype. ![]() Identifying breast carcinoma patients at risk for ALNM would improve treatment planning. Axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is one of the most important prognostic determinants in breast carcinoma however, the reasons why tumors vary in their capability to result in axillary metastasis remain unclear. Better predictive markers are needed to help guide difficult treatment decisions. While several prognostic factors have been identified in breast carcinoma, the clinical outcome remains hard to predict for individual patients. ![]()
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